India’s upstream oil and gas sector underwent a transformative phase prior to 2014 under the New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP). Over the course of nine bidding rounds, the country successfully attracted investments exceeding ₹3,07,368 crore (approximately US$ 36 billion). These rounds collectively led to 177 oil and gas discoveries, marking a significant milestone in India’s quest for energy security.

NELP offered blocks to companies based on competitive bidding and allowed for cost recovery prior to profit sharing with the government under the Production Sharing Contract (PSC) regime. However, while the policy succeeded in mobilising capital and expanding exploration, it also encountered operational setbacks. Delays in clearances and disputes over cost recovery often hampered the pace of project execution and led to investor dissatisfaction.

HELP: A Structural Shift to Revenue Sharing

To address the challenges associated with the PSC model, the Indian government introduced the Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy (HELP) in 2016. This policy marked a strategic shift to a Revenue Sharing Contract (RSC) model. Under RSCs, revenue from hydrocarbon sales is shared between the government and contractors at predetermined rates, irrespective of the actual costs incurred during exploration and production.

This approach aimed to simplify operations, enhance transparency, and offer greater autonomy to exploration companies, aligning India’s regulatory framework with global best practices.

Investments Continue under OALP and DSF Initiatives

Building upon the momentum, India launched the Open Acreage Licensing Policy (OALP) in 2018. Between 2018 and 2022, eight OALP rounds resulted in a further ₹11,697 crore (US$ 1.37 billion) of investment and led to the discovery of 6 oil fields and four gas fields.

This phase also witnessed participation from leading international oil companies such as British Gas, BP, Cairn Energy, Eni, and BHP Billiton, who brought not only capital but also cutting-edge technology and global expertise to Indian exploration efforts.

Additionally, the government rolled out the Discovered Small Field (DSF) policy in 2015, specifically targeting the monetisation of small and marginal fields. As of today, 51 out of 85 awarded DSF contract areas are active, indicating encouraging levels of operational engagement.

Read More: Best Oil and Gas Stocks in India in April 2025 – Based on 5-Year CAGR

Ongoing Efforts to Foster a Competitive Ecosystem

The government’s drive to enhance exploration continues with new rounds of bidding under OALP and DSF. In the recently concluded OALP-IX round, contracts for 28 exploration blocks were signed, and preparations are underway for the 10th round.

These initiatives are part of a broader push to improve the ease of doing business, ensure policy continuity, and attract private and foreign investment into India’s vital energy sector.

Conclusion

India’s journey from the early NELP rounds to the current HELP and OALP frameworks illustrates its evolving approach to managing hydrocarbon resources. With a clear shift towards simplification, transparency, and global alignment, the country is laying down a robust foundation for sustained energy exploration and self-reliance.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

India’s domestic aviation market has undergone a remarkable expansion. In 2024, the number of domestic air passengers surged to 22.81 crore, more than doubling the 10.38 crore passengers carried in the 65 years leading up to 2014.

Between January and November 2024, domestic air travel recorded a 5.9% growth compared to the same period in 2023. A landmark moment came on November 17, 2024, when India recorded over 5 lakh domestic passengers in a single day for the first time.

Strong Momentum in International Travel

International routes are also witnessing impressive growth. From January to November 2024, a total of 64.5 million passengers flew on international routes, marking an 11.4% increase from the previous year.

This highlights India’s growing integration with global aviation networks and rising international travel demand from Indian passengers.

India Ascends as a Top Global Aviation Market

With over 350 million passengers annually, India has firmly established itself as the third-largest aviation market globally. This status is a result of consistent double-digit growth, with domestic air traffic increasing by 10–12% per annum over the last decade.

Such growth is not only a testament to the sector’s potential but also reflects rising aspirations, affordability, and connectivity across the nation.

Massive Infrastructure Investment Powers Growth

To support this growth, the government has allocated significant capital towards airport development. Under the National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP), over ₹91,000 crore has been earmarked for airport infrastructure from FY 2019-20 to FY 2024-25, with ₹82,600 crore already utilised by November 2024.

This strategic investment aims to upgrade existing facilities and construct new ones, ensuring India’s aviation sector remains future-ready.

Operationalisation of Greenfield Airports

Since 2014, 12 Greenfield Airports have become operational from a pool of 21 approved projects. These include airports in Durgapur, Shirdi, Kannur, Kalaburagi, Shivamogga, Kushinagar, Rajkot (Hirasar) and others.

Progress is also well underway at Noida (Jewar) and Navi Mumbai airports, both targeted for operationalisation in the first quarter of FY 2025-26.

Looking ahead, the government plans to develop 50 more airports in the next 5 years and connect 120 new destinations in the next decade, enhancing regional accessibility and economic inclusion.

Read More: India’s Domestic Aviation Growth Hits 11% as IndiGo, Akasa Air Gain Market Share

Conclusion

India’s aviation journey is not just about numbers—it’s a transformative movement. The Ministry of Civil Aviation, through forward-looking policies and strategic investments, is steering the country toward becoming a global aviation hub.

By boosting connectivity, upgrading infrastructure, and enhancing passenger experience, these efforts play a crucial role in national integration and economic development, aligning with the broader goal of Viksit Bharat @2047.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

 

Overnight Mutual Fund Schemes are low-risk options that invest in government securities for just one day. They are mainly used by stockbrokers and clearing members to safely invest client money. SEBI has now updated the cut-off timings for when the Net Asset Value (NAV) is applied during redemptions. The investments are always held in demat form and must be pledged with a clearing corporation.

SEBI’s New Cut-Off Timings

SEBI has updated the cut-off timings for calculating the NAV during redemption or repurchase of overnight fund units.  

• If the application is submitted before 3 pm, the NAV used will be from the day before the next business day.  

• If submitted after 3 pm, the NAV of the next business day will be considered.  

• For online applications, the cut-off is extended to 7 pm.  

 

These changes will be effective from June 1.

Purpose of the Change in Cut-Off Time

The main goal behind adjusting the cut-off times is to give stockbrokers and clearing members more time to unpledge their units and send redemption requests after the market closes. This change is operational and doesn’t affect the value or performance of the funds.

How Redemption Works in These Schemes

Overnight funds do not need to sell any securities in advance to handle redemption. When investors want to redeem, the fund simply decides not to reinvest the maturing amount on the next day (T+1). This amount is then used to make the payout. Hence, whether the redemption request is made at 3 pm or 7 pm does not affect how the fund operates or handles redemptions.

Read More: SEBI Plans to Raise Mutual Fund Caps in REITs and InvITs

Conclusion

SEBI’s revised NAV cut-off rules for Overnight Mutual Fund Schemes are a practical move to help brokers manage post-market operations more efficiently. By allowing more time for redemptions without affecting fund stability, SEBI ensures both operational ease and investor protection remain intact.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

The process for setting up the 8th Central Pay Commission (CPC) has officially started. The Ministry of Finance, through its Department of Expenditure, released a circular on April 17, 2025, announcing 35 vacancies in the new commission. These positions will be filled on a deputation basis, meaning officials will temporarily work with the CPC and return to their original roles after the commission ends.

Recruitment Process and Rules

The circular highlights that the recruitment will follow the guidelines set by the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT). It’s also labelled as an “open-ended” circular, meaning applications will continue to be accepted until all positions are filled. The ministry has asked interested departments to send verified applications as soon as possible.

Key Positions and Departments Involved

Out of the 35 vacancies, the government has started appointing top officials to key roles. These include:

• 2 Directors/Deputy Secretaries
• 3 Undersecretaries  

All these positions are to be filled from the Central Secretariat Services on deputation for the duration of the commission.

 

Read More: 8th Pay Commission Calculator: Here’s What Govt Employees’ Salaries Could Look Like at 2.86 Fitment Factor

Salary Structure for Appointees

The pay levels for these roles will align with the 7th Pay Commission’s Pay Matrix:

• Director: Level 13
• Deputy Secretary: Level 12
• Undersecretary: Level 11  

The eligible candidates must submit their applications along with relevant documents like their five-year APARs and vigilance clearance.

Conclusion

The official recruitment drive signals that preparations for the 8th Pay Commission are moving forward. As appointments begin, the commission is expected to soon start work that may lead to new pay revisions for central government employees.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

India witnessed a notable shift in foreign direct investment (FDI) patterns during the period of April 2024 to February 2025. Despite a rise in gross inflows, net FDI declined sharply, influenced by higher repatriation and an increase in outward investments by Indian firms. 

 

Recent data from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) highlights the evolving landscape of cross-border investments and the factors shaping these movements.

Rising Gross Inflows Despite Net Decline

Gross FDI into India recorded a healthy year-on-year (Y-o-Y) growth of 15.2%, amounting to $75.1 billion during April 2024- February 2025, compared to $65.2 billion in the same period a year earlier. 

 

This growth was largely driven by equity inflows from major contributors, with Singapore leading at 29.8%, followed by Mauritius and the United States. Sector-wise, the manufacturing industry attracted the highest share of investments at 24.1%, closely followed by financial services and electricity.

 

Despite the rise in gross inflows, net FDI declined steeply to $1.5 billion from $11.5 billion recorded in the corresponding period of the previous year. This sharp fall was primarily due to increased repatriation and a surge in overseas investments by Indian corporations.

Surge in Repatriations and Outward Investments

Repatriation or disinvestment by foreign investors in India increased substantially, reaching $48.9 billion during the 11-month period of 2024-25, compared to $40.7 billion in the preceding year. Simultaneously, Indian firms expanded their global footprint with outward FDI surging to $24.8 billion from $13 billion in April 2023- February 2024.

 

On the global stage, the United States maintained its position as the most preferred destination for inward FDI and emerged as the second-largest destination for outward direct investment (ODI) from India. Recent policy developments have encouraged multinational corporations to redirect investment plans towards the United States, further influencing global investment patterns.

Read More: RBI Data: Net FDI Slips to US$1.4 Billion in Apr-Jan 2025; Gross FDI Surges by 12.4%

Conclusion

The dynamics of India’s foreign direct investment have undergone a significant transformation, marked by elevated gross inflows, increased repatriations, and a substantial rise in outward FDI. The broader global investment environment, coupled with domestic trends, continues to shape India’s FDI landscape.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

 

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing an increasingly pivotal role in reshaping India’s job market. According to the latest ‘Career Outlook Report 2025’ by TeamLease EdTech, more than 74% of employers intend to hire freshers in the first half of 2025, with AI-related roles leading this surge in demand. 

 

This trend aligns with the government’s efforts to strengthen technological advancement and workforce development across the country.

Rising Demand for Skills Beyond Degrees

The job market is undergoing a transformation where traditional degree qualifications are no longer the sole criteria for employment. Employers are now prioritising specific skills such as data visualisation, cloud computing, and robotics. Jaideep Kewalramani, Head of Employability Business and COO at TeamLease EdTech, noted that this evolution is creating substantial opportunities for freshers to secure influential roles and contribute to innovation across industries. 

 

The Career Outlook Report 2025, based on a survey of 649 employers across India, highlights this significant shift in hiring strategies.

Key Sectors and Cities Driving Employment Opportunities

Following AI roles, sectors like e-commerce and technology start-ups show a hiring intent of 70%, closely followed by manufacturing at 66% and engineering and infrastructure at 62%. Bangalore, Mumbai, and Chennai remain the primary employment hubs, with hiring intent rates of 78%, 65%, and 57%, respectively.

Employers are seeking freshers skilled in robotic process automation, performance marketing, network security, and financial risk analysis. Additionally, technology tools such as productivity and collaboration platforms (83%), project management software (73%), and data visualisation tools (64%) are highly prioritised.

Read More: India’s AI Sector Poised to Surpass 2.3 Million Job Openings by 2027: Report.

Conclusion

The findings of TeamLease EdTech’s Career Outlook Report 2025 demonstrate a strong inclination among employers to hire freshers with AI and technology-related skills. As companies adapt to the evolving market demands, the emphasis on practical skills over traditional degrees is set to define the future landscape of employment in India.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

 

The Atal Pension Yojana (APY), India’s flagship pension scheme aimed at providing financial security to the unorganised sector, registered 11.7 million new enrolments during the financial year 2024–25. 

 

According to the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA), total gross enrolments under the scheme have now crossed the 76 million mark as of 31 March 2025.

Steady Growth and Robust Asset Management

This marks the third consecutive year in which APY has attracted over 10 million new subscribers annually. The scheme’s total assets under management (AUM) have surpassed ₹44,780 crore, demonstrating growing trust among the public. Since its inception, APY has delivered an impressive annual return of 9.11%.

 

APY, now completing its tenth year, guarantees a minimum assured monthly pension ranging from ₹1,000 to ₹5,000, starting from the age of 60. The pension benefits are extended to the spouse after the subscriber’s death, and eventually, the accumulated corpus is transferred to the nominee after the death of both.

Increased Subscriber Flexibility and Women’s Participation

Last year, PFRDA introduced enhanced flexibility for subscribers by allowing them to select their preferred Central Recordkeeping Agency (CRA) among CAMS, KFin, and Protean eGov Technologies for initiating and maintaining their APY accounts. Contributions are collected through an auto-debit facility from either savings bank accounts or post office savings bank accounts.

The financial year 2024–25 also witnessed an encouraging rise in female participation, with women constituting approximately 55% of the new enrolments, further broadening the scheme’s outreach.

Read More: Atal Pension Yojana: Understanding Missed Payments and Subscriber Benefits.

Conclusion

The Atal Pension Yojana continues to solidify its position as a key instrument for retirement planning among India’s working population. With consistent growth, strong returns, and enhanced subscriber services, APY has maintained its momentum into its tenth year.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

The Gujarat government has introduced further relaxations to liquor licensing regulations within the Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City), located between Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar along the Sabarmati River. This development aims to facilitate a more accessible and efficient environment for professionals and visitors without compromising legal supervision.

Simplified Permit Procedure for Employees and Guests

The Home Department, through a notification dated 15 April, amended its earlier provisions under the Gujarat Prohibition Act, 1949, allowing employees and guests of businesses operating in GIFT City to consume alcohol with fewer formalities. Previously, employees were required to approach a company-appointed ‘Recommending Officer’—usually the HR head or PRO—to apply for liquor permits via Form A-1. Under the updated rule, this step is no longer mandatory.

 

Following verification, permit cards will be issued by an authorised officer designated by the managing director of GIFT City and shared with the Superintendent of Prohibition and Excise along with the permit holder. Additionally, permit-holding employees can recommend up to five visitors at a time using Form A-2, provided they accompany them to approved wine and dine areas.

Expansion of Group Permits and Business Outlook

The relaxation also introduces the availability of ‘group permits’ to both temporary and regular permit holders, further facilitating the hosting of guests and business gatherings. According to officials, these measures are part of a broader initiative to make GIFT City more business-friendly and globally competitive, while maintaining necessary regulatory control.

Real estate developers and industry participants have welcomed the decision, noting that the streamlined process would contribute towards creating a dynamic ecosystem. Covering 880 acres, GIFT City includes a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) hosting banks and financial institutions, alongside a non-SEZ area featuring residential and commercial developments.

Read More: GIFT City Opens Doors to Outbound Investing for Indian Residents.

Conclusion

The easing of liquor licensing procedures in GIFT City reflects the Gujarat government’s effort to foster a modern, business-conducive environment while retaining essential oversight. The amendment marks a significant step towards enhancing GIFT City’s appeal for global investors and professionals.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

 

In a significant step towards promoting sustainable urban mobility, the Maharashtra government has officially sanctioned a policy framework for the operation of bike taxis across the state. Announced on Monday, the new Guidelines emphasise environmental responsibility, safety, and improved last-mile connectivity.

Focus on Safety, Inclusivity, and Electric Transition

The new policy allows bike taxis to operate in all cities across Maharashtra with a population of one lakh and above, provided they use fully electric vehicles. Aimed at promoting eco-friendly transportation, the framework stipulates that all drivers must be over 20 years of age and may only carry one passenger per ride. Children under 12 years of age are prohibited from using the service.

 

To enhance safety, particularly for female passengers, a shield separating the rider and passenger is mandatory. Additionally, the government plans to gradually increase the participation of female drivers to 50%, although no definitive timeline has been set. Initially, the state transport department will issue 50 permits, each valid for five years and non-transferable.

 

Read More: Maharashtra Cracks Down on Ola Electric Stores Operating Without Trade Certificates.

Rider Security and Service Regulations

The policy mandates that all bike taxis be fitted with GPS tracking systems, emergency contact facilities, and seasonal covers to offer protection during the monsoon. Aggregators must also provide insurance coverage for both riders and passengers in the event of accidents or fatalities.

To maintain service standards and regulate usage, each ride will be limited to a maximum distance of 15 kilometres. The initiative is expected to significantly strengthen last-mile connectivity in urban areas while advancing the state’s commitment to sustainable and efficient transportation alternatives.

Conclusion

Maharashtra’s new bike taxi policy marks a crucial advancement in sustainable urban transport. By enforcing strict safety measures and encouraging the use of electric vehicles, the state aims to modernise urban mobility while addressing environmental and passenger safety concerns.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

 

The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare has introduced a significant regulatory change by mandating Aadhaar authentication for individuals seeking subsidies and benefits under the electronic National Agriculture Market (eNAM) scheme.

 

In a notification dated 21 April 2025, the Ministry clarified that Aadhaar will serve as a mandatory proof of identity for accessing benefits, aligning with broader efforts to strengthen transparency and efficiency across government schemes.

Linking Aadhaar for Agricultural Reforms

Aadhaar, the 12-digit unique identity number issued by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), utilises biometric and demographic data to verify individuals’ identities. 

 

It plays a vital role in accessing various government services. Under the new directive, individuals without an Aadhaar number must apply for enrolment to remain eligible for the eNAM benefits. This initiative is expected to streamline the authentication process, ensuring that the subsidies and incentives reach genuine beneficiaries efficiently.

 

Read More: RBI Pushes for Safer Digital Banking with Mandatory ‘.bank.in’ Domain by October 2025.

Expansion Plans and Financial Assistance Under eNAM

The eNAM scheme is a flagship digital initiative aimed at enhancing inter-mandi and inter-state agricultural trade. The Central Government is set to expand the platform through measures such as Warehouse Based Sale (WBS), integration of the electronic Negotiable Warehouse Receipt (eNWR) system, and improved farmer access via Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs).

Financial support is provided through a one-time grant of up to ₹75 lakh per mandi, with ₹30 lakh allocated for computer hardware, internet facilities, and assaying equipment, and ₹40 lakh for establishing sorting, grading, and composting units. FPOs stand as primary beneficiaries under this scheme, which is funded through the Consolidated Fund of India.

Conclusion

The Ministry’s decision to mandate Aadhaar for eNAM beneficiaries marks a pivotal move towards enhancing accountability and transparency in the agricultural sector. By reinforcing authentication processes, the initiative aims to improve the effectiveness of subsidy distribution and bolster the broader objectives of the eNAM scheme.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions.