In a significant step to reinforce transparency and fairness in the securities market, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has introduced stricter controls on insider trading. A new directive extended trading restrictions during sensitive financial periods to include the immediate relatives of designated persons (DPs) within listed companies.

What Is the Trading Window Closure Period?

The trading window closure period refers to a block of time during which individuals with potential access to unpublished price-sensitive information (UPSI) are prohibited from trading in the company’s securities. This window typically shuts ahead of major financial disclosures—like quarterly results, and reopens only after the information has been made public and absorbed by the market.

Until now, these rules applied primarily to insiders such as directors, senior executives, and other key managerial personnel. However, SEBI has now broadened the scope of restrictions.

What Has Changed Under SEBI’s New Rule?

The core amendment lies in the inclusion of immediate relatives of insiders within the ambit of trading restrictions. Immediate family members—such as spouses, parents, and children—of designated persons are now explicitly prohibited from engaging in trading during the window closure period.

This move is grounded in the understanding that UPSI can easily be shared informally within families, potentially leading to unfair trading advantages. By bringing immediate relatives under the purview of these regulations, SEBI aims to plug potential loopholes and foster equitable participation in the markets.

How Will This Be Enforced?

To enforce these new norms effectively, SEBI has directed stock exchanges and depositories to implement automated controls over trading accounts. Specifically, the demat accounts linked with PANs of immediate relatives will be automatically frozen for on-market and off-market transactions during the restricted periods.

The responsibility for sharing the required data, such as PAN and demat account details of designated persons and their immediate family members, rests with the listed companies. This data will be passed on to the designated depositories, who will coordinate with exchanges to impose the trade freeze.

Implementation Timeline

The rollout of this regulation will take place in two distinct phases:

Phase 1:

Effective from July 1, 2025 – Applicable to the top 500 listed companies by market capitalisation.

Phase 2:

Effective from October 1, 2025 – Applicable to all other listed companies in India.

This phased approach gives companies sufficient time to collate, validate, and submit the necessary details to ensure smooth compliance.

Read More: Check Out The SEBI’s Recent Investor Protection Measures

The Broader Objective: Market Integrity

These amendments are not merely administrative. They align with SEBI’s broader vision of enhancing investor confidence and ensuring a level playing field in capital markets. By pre-emptively closing the doors to potential information leaks, even through familial channels, SEBI is reinforcing its commitment to safeguarding market integrity.

Conclusion

SEBI’s expanded scope of insider trading restrictions marks a decisive evolution in regulatory oversight. By including the immediate relatives of insiders, the regulator underscores the principle that market fairness must extend beyond formal designations and into areas where informal information flows may exist. These proactive measures reflect a maturing capital market where transparency, accountability, and investor protection remain paramount.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

The filing window for Income Tax Returns (ITR) for the financial year 2024–25 (assessment year 2025–26) is expected to open shortly on the official Income Tax Department website. While the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has not yet made an official announcement, historical trends suggest that e-filing usually commences in April.

During this period, various ITR forms are notified and made available for taxpayers across different income categories. These forms cater to salaried individuals, self-employed professionals, business owners, and others — each with specific compliance requirements.

What is the deadline to file ITR for FY25?

For the financial year 2023–24, the last date to file an income tax return without any late fees was July 31, 2024. A similar deadline is likely for FY24–25, with July 31, 2025, expected to be the initial cutoff for timely submissions.

Taxpayers who miss the deadline may still file a belated return until December 31, 2025, although this is usually subject to late fees and interest. The exact dates will be confirmed in due course via official circulars issued by the Income Tax Department.

When can you expect to receive your I-T refund?

The refund process has been significantly streamlined in recent years. For most taxpayers, refunds are processed within 7 to 20 days from the date of successful verification of the return. However, the speed of the refund depends on several factors, including:

• Accuracy of the information submitted

• Timely verification of the ITR using Aadhaar OTP or other authorised modes

• Pre-validation and PAN linkage of the bank account selected for receiving refunds

Any mismatch in income details, tax credits, or incorrect bank details can cause delays in refund processing.

What documents should be kept ready?

To ensure a smooth filing and refund process, taxpayers are advised to keep the following documents and information ready in advance:

• PAN and Aadhaar card

• Form 16 issued by employers

• Salary slips and interest certificates

• Capital gains statements (if applicable)

• Rental income details and any other income proofs

• Bank account details for refund purposes

Proper documentation helps in accurate self-assessment and reduces the risk of scrutiny or errors in processing.

Read More: Documents required for ITR Filing

Conclusion

The window to file income tax returns for FY25 is expected to open soon, with the tentative deadline being July 31, 2025. Refunds are generally processed within 20 days if all details are correctly filed and verified. Keeping essential documents ready in advance can make the entire process more efficient and stress-free.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

India is reportedly considering a bold economic move—eliminating import tariffs on high-end motorcycles such as Harley-Davidson. This potential shift, currently under negotiation, is viewed as a strategic sweetener in India’s broader trade dialogue with the United States, as reported by Bloomberg.

If implemented, it would mark a significant departure from India’s traditionally protectionist approach to imported automobiles, especially in the luxury segment.

A Follow-Through on Budget 2024

Earlier this year, India signalled its intent to liberalise imports of premium motorcycles through the Union Budget. Duties on bikes with engine capacities above 1,600cc were cut from 50% to 30%, while both semi-knockdown (SKD) and completely knocked down (CKD) units were also offered relief.

The latest development—complete tariff elimination—is a further step in that direction, with potential to reshape the premium two-wheeler market.

What It Could Mean for Harley-Davidson in India

Harley-Davidson exited direct operations in India in 2020 and now operates under a licensing agreement with Hero MotoCorp. Despite the brand’s global appeal, high import duties had previously priced its motorcycles out of reach for many Indian buyers.

Should the tariffs be scrapped, Harley-Davidson may gain the flexibility to relaunch a broader range of models, reduce prices significantly, and scale its dealership network. Price reductions in the range of 20–30% could follow, depending on the model and import route.

Trade Diplomacy on 2 Wheels

This proposed zero-duty structure appears to be more than just a domestic policy move. It is also a diplomatic signal to the United States, especially relevant under the renewed leadership of Donald Trump, who has previously criticised India’s “unacceptable” tariffs on American motorcycles.

By easing this sticking point, India could open the door to smoother trade negotiations across sectors.

Read More: India and US Finalise Terms of Reference to Address Trade Tariff Barriers

Not a Free Ride Just Yet

It’s important to note that even with zero import duty, final retail prices may still be affected by other levies. Goods and Services Tax (GST), along with the Agriculture Infrastructure and Development Cess (AIDC), will continue to apply.

Moreover, logistical challenges like after-sales support, spare parts availability, and expanding the dealership network remain critical for any long-term success in the Indian market.

Conclusion

This move, if finalised, reflects a deeper transformation in India’s trade policy. It shows a willingness to adapt, collaborate, and open up niche markets in pursuit of larger economic and diplomatic gains.

For brands like Harley-Davidson, the road back into India could soon become far more accessible, but success will depend on more than just pricing. Delivering value through experience, reliability, and service will be key.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has introduced the Digital India Internship Scheme 2025. This initiative offers undergraduate and postgraduate students the opportunity to gain practical experience in areas like cybersecurity, digital infrastructure, public policy, and emerging technologies. The internship takes place in New Delhi and is a blend of physical and virtual engagement, depending on approval.

Key Highlights of the Programme

Who Can Apply?

General Eligibility

• Must be an Indian citizen.

• Should be enrolled in or recently graduated from a recognised Indian institution.

• A minimum of 60% marks in the most recent qualifying exam is mandatory.

Course-wise Eligibility

Note: Final-year students who will graduate in summer 2025 are not eligible. Only those who have one academic year remaining can apply.

Internship Domains and Slot Distribution

A total of 29 slots are available across various domains, including:

• Digital Forensics

• App and Mobile Security

• Machine Learning & AI Security

• Cryptography & Cybersecurity Certification

• Cloud Computing

• National Digital Infrastructure (NKN/SWAN)

• Generative AI in Policy

• Blockchain, Web 3, and Quantum Tech

• Content Writing, Graphic Design, and Video Editing

• Public Policy and Digital Economy

Each domain typically offers 1 or 2 internship slots.

Read More: Government Signs MoU with Swiggy to List Gig Jobs on NCS Portal.

How to Apply: Step-by-Step Process

Step 1: Register on the Portal

• Visit https://intern.meity.gov.in

• Sign up using your email ID and mobile number.

Step 2: Complete the Application

• Log in and fill out your academic and personal details.

• Choose your preferred domain.

• Upload required documents, including CV, academic transcripts, and a recommendation or sponsorship letter.

Step 3: Submit and Track

• Ensure all details are correct before submission.

• You can track your application status through the portal.

How Are Interns Selected?

Selection is carried out by respective departments within MeitY and is based on:

• Academic performance

• Domain expertise

• Interest in relevant areas

• Recommendation from the educational institute

Some applicants may be called for an interview via Zoom or Skype.

Internship Duration and Working Conditions

• Tenure: 2 months, extendable to 3 months

• Work Timings: 9:00 AM – 5:30 PM, Monday to Friday

• Mode: Primarily physical in Delhi, with possible virtual approval

• Accommodation: Not provided

• Library Access: For reference only

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), in collaboration with Startup India and Stride Ventures, has officially announced the winner of the Bharat Startup Grand Challenge 2025. This initiative is designed to recognise and empower high-impact startups rooted in the Indian ecosystem.

After receiving over 120 applications from 22 states in just 30 days, the organisers selected Buoyancy Plastics for Change Recycling Private Limited as the standout winner. The contest featured entries from startups operating in vital sectors such as sustainability, fintech, and e-mobility.

Spotlight on the Winner: Plastics for Change

Founded in 2015, Plastics for Change is on a mission to transform how India recycles plastic. The company has built a Fair Trade verified recycled plastics supply chain, focusing on ethical sourcing and aggregation of plastic waste.

Its key products include rPET (recycled polyethylene terephthalate), rHDPE (recycled high-density polyethylene), and rPP (recycled polypropylene)—materials in high demand by recycling units across India. The startup stands out for integrating informal waste collectors into the formal economy, thereby creating both environmental and social impact.

With a current plastic collection capacity of over 20,000 tonnes, Plastics for Change is now well-positioned to deepen its role in India’s growing circular economy.

Stride Ventures Steps In with Capital and Mentorship

Stride Ventures, India’s largest venture debt fund, announced that it would invest up to ₹10 crore in the winning startup, subject to due diligence. In addition to capital, the startup will benefit from mentorship, market access, and global networking opportunities through Stride’s extended ecosystem.

Stride Ventures has a notable track record, having committed over $1 billion to more than 170 startups in the past five years. With operations now extended to Singapore, Abu Dhabi, Riyadh, and London, Stride’s support gives Indian startups a gateway to global expansion.

Earlier this year, Stride formalised its collaboration with DPIIT via a memorandum of understanding (MoU), underlining its commitment to scale Indian innovation both domestically and internationally.

Read More: Stages of Funding a Startup. 

Conclusion: A Landmark First Edition with Promising Impact

This marks the first edition of the Bharat Startup Grand Challenge by Stride Ventures, showcasing a growing interest in supporting ventures aligned with sustainability and circularity. Through initiatives like these, DPIIT and its partners aim to foster a robust startup ecosystem that addresses critical environmental challenges while creating inclusive growth opportunities.

The outcome of this challenge reaffirms the potential of Indian startups to deliver innovative, scalable, and socially impactful solutions with the right institutional support.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

India’s upstream oil and gas sector underwent a transformative phase prior to 2014 under the New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP). Over the course of nine bidding rounds, the country successfully attracted investments exceeding ₹3,07,368 crore (approximately US$ 36 billion). These rounds collectively led to 177 oil and gas discoveries, marking a significant milestone in India’s quest for energy security.

NELP offered blocks to companies based on competitive bidding and allowed for cost recovery prior to profit sharing with the government under the Production Sharing Contract (PSC) regime. However, while the policy succeeded in mobilising capital and expanding exploration, it also encountered operational setbacks. Delays in clearances and disputes over cost recovery often hampered the pace of project execution and led to investor dissatisfaction.

HELP: A Structural Shift to Revenue Sharing

To address the challenges associated with the PSC model, the Indian government introduced the Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy (HELP) in 2016. This policy marked a strategic shift to a Revenue Sharing Contract (RSC) model. Under RSCs, revenue from hydrocarbon sales is shared between the government and contractors at predetermined rates, irrespective of the actual costs incurred during exploration and production.

This approach aimed to simplify operations, enhance transparency, and offer greater autonomy to exploration companies, aligning India’s regulatory framework with global best practices.

Investments Continue under OALP and DSF Initiatives

Building upon the momentum, India launched the Open Acreage Licensing Policy (OALP) in 2018. Between 2018 and 2022, eight OALP rounds resulted in a further ₹11,697 crore (US$ 1.37 billion) of investment and led to the discovery of 6 oil fields and four gas fields.

This phase also witnessed participation from leading international oil companies such as British Gas, BP, Cairn Energy, Eni, and BHP Billiton, who brought not only capital but also cutting-edge technology and global expertise to Indian exploration efforts.

Additionally, the government rolled out the Discovered Small Field (DSF) policy in 2015, specifically targeting the monetisation of small and marginal fields. As of today, 51 out of 85 awarded DSF contract areas are active, indicating encouraging levels of operational engagement.

Read More: Best Oil and Gas Stocks in India in April 2025 – Based on 5-Year CAGR

Ongoing Efforts to Foster a Competitive Ecosystem

The government’s drive to enhance exploration continues with new rounds of bidding under OALP and DSF. In the recently concluded OALP-IX round, contracts for 28 exploration blocks were signed, and preparations are underway for the 10th round.

These initiatives are part of a broader push to improve the ease of doing business, ensure policy continuity, and attract private and foreign investment into India’s vital energy sector.

Conclusion

India’s journey from the early NELP rounds to the current HELP and OALP frameworks illustrates its evolving approach to managing hydrocarbon resources. With a clear shift towards simplification, transparency, and global alignment, the country is laying down a robust foundation for sustained energy exploration and self-reliance.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

India’s domestic aviation market has undergone a remarkable expansion. In 2024, the number of domestic air passengers surged to 22.81 crore, more than doubling the 10.38 crore passengers carried in the 65 years leading up to 2014.

Between January and November 2024, domestic air travel recorded a 5.9% growth compared to the same period in 2023. A landmark moment came on November 17, 2024, when India recorded over 5 lakh domestic passengers in a single day for the first time.

Strong Momentum in International Travel

International routes are also witnessing impressive growth. From January to November 2024, a total of 64.5 million passengers flew on international routes, marking an 11.4% increase from the previous year.

This highlights India’s growing integration with global aviation networks and rising international travel demand from Indian passengers.

India Ascends as a Top Global Aviation Market

With over 350 million passengers annually, India has firmly established itself as the third-largest aviation market globally. This status is a result of consistent double-digit growth, with domestic air traffic increasing by 10–12% per annum over the last decade.

Such growth is not only a testament to the sector’s potential but also reflects rising aspirations, affordability, and connectivity across the nation.

Massive Infrastructure Investment Powers Growth

To support this growth, the government has allocated significant capital towards airport development. Under the National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP), over ₹91,000 crore has been earmarked for airport infrastructure from FY 2019-20 to FY 2024-25, with ₹82,600 crore already utilised by November 2024.

This strategic investment aims to upgrade existing facilities and construct new ones, ensuring India’s aviation sector remains future-ready.

Operationalisation of Greenfield Airports

Since 2014, 12 Greenfield Airports have become operational from a pool of 21 approved projects. These include airports in Durgapur, Shirdi, Kannur, Kalaburagi, Shivamogga, Kushinagar, Rajkot (Hirasar) and others.

Progress is also well underway at Noida (Jewar) and Navi Mumbai airports, both targeted for operationalisation in the first quarter of FY 2025-26.

Looking ahead, the government plans to develop 50 more airports in the next 5 years and connect 120 new destinations in the next decade, enhancing regional accessibility and economic inclusion.

Read More: India’s Domestic Aviation Growth Hits 11% as IndiGo, Akasa Air Gain Market Share

Conclusion

India’s aviation journey is not just about numbers—it’s a transformative movement. The Ministry of Civil Aviation, through forward-looking policies and strategic investments, is steering the country toward becoming a global aviation hub.

By boosting connectivity, upgrading infrastructure, and enhancing passenger experience, these efforts play a crucial role in national integration and economic development, aligning with the broader goal of Viksit Bharat @2047.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.