India and US Sign Critical Minerals and Rare Earths Framework to Strengthen Supply Chain Cooperation

India and the United States have signed a bilateral framework agreement aimed at strengthening cooperation in the critical minerals and rare earths sector, as per The Economic Times report.

The agreement focuses on securing supply chains linked to industries such as semiconductors, electric vehicles, clean energy and defence technologies. 

India-US Agreement on Critical Minerals

The agreement was signed on Tuesday during the Quad Foreign Ministers’ meeting in the presence of External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar and US Secretary of State Marco Rubio.

According to statements made during the meeting, the framework is intended to strengthen cooperation between the two countries across the critical minerals and rare earths value chain.

Focus Areas Under the Framework

The bilateral framework covers multiple segments related to critical minerals and rare earths, including:

• Mining operations
• Mineral processing
• Recycling activities
• Investment across supply chains

The agreement is expected to support collaboration in sectors that rely on specialised minerals for manufacturing and technology development.

Importance of Critical Minerals and Rare Earths

Critical minerals and rare earth elements are widely used in industries such as semiconductor manufacturing, electric vehicles, renewable energy systems and defence equipment.

Many countries have been increasing efforts to secure reliable access to these resources amid concerns over supply concentration in global markets.

Discussions at the Quad Meeting

External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar stated that cooperation on critical minerals was also discussed during the Quad Foreign Ministers’ meeting.

He noted that such partnerships are being explored through bilateral arrangements, Quad-level discussions and wider cooperation among countries with shared strategic interests.

Previous Developments on the Agreement

The agreement follows earlier comments by US Ambassador to India Sergio Gor, who had indicated that both countries were close to finalising a critical minerals partnership.

The proposed cooperation had been linked to securing supply chains required for advanced manufacturing technologies, energy systems and emerging industrial sectors.

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Conclusion

India and the United States have formalised a framework agreement aimed at cooperation in the critical minerals and rare earths sector. The agreement focuses on strengthening supply chain coordination across mining, processing, recycling and investment activities linked to strategic industries.

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