Indian Commercial Vehicles Industry Starts Shift to Hydrogen Power Vehicles

India’s commercial vehicle (CV) industry has started a quiet shift towards hydrogen-powered alternatives. This transition, involving both hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2-ICE) and hydrogen fuel cell technologies, is being led by companies like Ashok Leyland and Tata Motors.

Hydrogen Trucks in Operation Since 2023

Ashok Leyland, in partnership with Reliance Industries, introduced India’s first heavy-duty truck powered by hydrogen internal combustion engines in 2023. Since then, over 20 such vehicles have been deployed. These trucks have collectively run close to 2.5 lakh kilometres, including operations at Reliance’s Jamnagar site.

Fuel Cell Buses for Public Transport

Ashok Leyland has also signed an agreement with NTPC Green Energy to supply hydrogen fuel cell buses. These are being deployed across regions like Delhi, Leh, and Ladakh. The initiative covers different terrain types, including high-altitude locations where traditional fuels pose logistical issues.

Read more: Government Sets Target of 1,000 Hydrogen Trucks and Buses by 2030!

Tata Motors Begins Testing

Tata Motors is also working on hydrogen-based vehicle technologies. The company is testing both fuel cell electric buses and hydrogen combustion engine prototypes for use in commercial operations. These trials are ongoing, with further rollout plans yet to be officially announced.

Policy Backing and Industry Interest

Several of these projects align with the government’s National Green Hydrogen Mission. Public-private collaborations are helping support early deployment, even as the larger industry continues to study hydrogen’s long-term feasibility. Infrastructure gaps, cost concerns, and fuel supply chains remain under discussion.

Launched in January 2023, India's National Green Hydrogen Mission is the nation's ₹19,744 crore cornerstone for achieving self-reliance in clean energy by 2030, simultaneously inspiring a global transition.

Other OEMs Watching Closely

Beyond the 2 major players, other original equipment manufacturers are in different stages of evaluation. These include pilot projects, research partnerships, and trials focused on cost-efficiency and operational fit across use cases.

Conclusion

The shift towards hydrogen in India’s commercial vehicle sector is underway, though not yet widespread. Deployment is currently limited to a few cities and industrial sites, with more developments expected over the coming years.

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